In 1992, Kogut and Zander conceptualised intellectual capital as
consisting of 3 components: human, relational and structural
capital.
Human capital is the collective sum of an organisation's people and
the knowledge they have to perform their daily functions.
Human capital is important because it is the source of innovation
and re-invigoration. Relational capital is an organization's
"ex-firm" intangibles, i.e. it is the knowledge that an organisation
can gain from its customers and suppliers. Structural capital is
the mechanisms and structures that give form to an organisation's
human capital. They include things like the work culture, the
policies and procedures, and the technologies that enable human
capital to function.
An important component of structural and relational capital is
technology. It is technologies like GIS and database management
systems that enable an organisation to function, turn isolated
individual's knowledge into group knowledge, and allow that
knowledge to be shared. It also enables external knowledge,
i.e. relational capital, to be mined and integrated into internal
systems.
The need for intelligently and effectively designed technology in
projects and organisations is critical. Nick Bontis of MacMaster
University, in an article in the International Journal of Technology
reports that by the year 2010, " the codified information base of
the world is expected to 'double every 11 hours'’’. With such
exponential growth, geographic and data management systems, the
tools that will enable people to innovate and work together, are
critical to business success.
PDI has worked with the
Bioactive
Agents from Dryland Biodiversity of Latin America project to
build the GIS and data management systems to enable researchers at
the University of Arizona, La Pontifica Universidad Catolica de
Chile, the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto
Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria in Argentina to focus on the
important task of drug discovery and not on the mundane details of
running GIS and database systems. Chemists, botanists and
ecologists should not have to become experts in data management to
effectively do their work. PDI developed tools to allow the
projects human capital to better manage their daily tasks; developed
integrated GIS & database systems that synthesized disparate threads
of information into knowledge and negotiated collaborative data
sharing agreements with the New York Botanical Gardens and the
Mexican Commission on Biodiversity (CONABIO) to leverage external
knowledge.
Samples:
You can view a short Flash demo of the data management system
developed for the project. To view the demo you have to have the
Macromedia Flash plugin installed. Most browsers today have it
installed by default.
View
Presentation
Get the
Abobe Flash Plugin
Subsets of project data can be found inthe New York Botanical
Garden's Virutal
Herbarium and in the
Red Mundial hosted by the Mexican Commission on Biodiversity
(CONABIO)
Directions for Red Mundial:
1. Accept the CONABIO Data Policy if requested
2. Select 'Plantas Vasculares y Germoplasma' by clicking on the +
sign
3. Select the check box next to Agentes Bioactivos de Plantas
Desérticas de Latinoamérica (ICBG)
4. Enter your parameters to query at the top of the page
References:
Bontis, N. (1999), "Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing
intellectual capital:
framing and advancing the state of the field’’, International
Journal of Technology
Management, Vol. 18 No. 5-8, pp. 433-62.
Kogut, Bruce and Udo Zander. (1992). “Knowledge of the Firm,
Combinative capabilities,
and the Replication of Technology”, Organization Science, 3,
383-397.
Funding:
Grant 5 U01 TW00316 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH),
National Science Foundation (NSF), and United State Department of
Agriculture (USDA)